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- $Unique_ID{BRK03484}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Apraxia}
- $Subject{Apraxia Wieacker Syndrome Apraxia Oculomotor Apraxia Ideokinetic
- Apraxia Classic Apraxia Motor Apraxia Ideational Apraxia Ideomotor Apraxia
- Buccofacial Apraxia Constructional Aphasia}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 766:
- Apraxia
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Apraxia) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the alternate
- names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Wieacker Syndrome
- Apraxia, Oculomotor
- Apraxia, Ideokinetic
- Apraxia, Classic
- Apraxia, Motor
- Apraxia, Ideational
- Apraxia, Ideomotor
- Apraxia, Buccofacial
- Apraxia, Constructional
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Aphasia
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Apraxia is a disorder of brain function characterized by the inability to
- perform learned movements on command, even though the command is understood
- and there is a willingness to perform the movement. The affected individual
- has the physical ability to move, but cannot. Apraxia is caused by a lesion
- in the neural pathways of the brain that contain the learned patterns of
- movement. It is often a symptom of other neurological disorders.
-
- Symptoms
-
- The major symptom of Apraxia is a person's inability to perform movement in
- the absence of any physical paralysis. Commands to move are understood, but
- cannot be executed. When movement is initiated, it is usually very clumsy,
- uncontrolled and inappropriate. In some cases, movement may occur
- unintentionally. Apraxia is sometimes accompanied by a person's loss of
- ability to comprehend or use words (Aphasia).
-
- Certain types of Apraxia are characterized by an inability to draw or
- construct simple configurations (Constructional Apraxia) or to dress oneself.
- Buccofacial Apraxia is the inability to wink, whistle, cough or lick one's
- lips. Oculomotor Apraxia is an inability to move the eyes, despite the
- retention of reflex movement.
-
- Causes
-
- Apraxia is caused by a defect in the brain pathways that retain memory of
- learned patterns of movement. The lesion may be the result of certain
- metabolic or structural diseases that involve the brain, particularly the
- frontal lobe.
-
- Apraxia may also be caused by stroke, and usually appears during the
- acute phase. In these cases, Apraxia usually diminishes within weeks of
- onset.
-
- Some cases of Apraxia are congenital. When a child is born with Apraxia
- it is usually the result of congenital malformations of the central nervous
- system.
-
- Individuals with a condition of deteriorating intellectual functioning
- (degenerative dementia) may also develop Apraxia.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Apraxia most commonly affects individuals who have had certain metabolic or
- neurological diseases. Stroke victims, individuals affected with
- degenerative dementia, and people with severe head injuries may develop
- Apraxia.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- The following disorder may be associated with Apraxia as a secondary
- characteristic. It is not necessary for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Aphasia is a disturbance in the ability to comprehend or use language.
- It usually occurs as a result of injury to the language centers of the brain
- (cerebral cortex). Affected individuals may select the wrong words in
- conversing and may have problems interpreting verbal messages. Children born
- with Aphasia may not talk at all. A speech therapist may assess the quality
- and extent of the Aphasia, and may help to educate those persons who most
- commonly interact with the affected individual in methods to help
- communication.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Apraxia involves retraining which may include gestural
- reorganization in which speech is paired with limb gestures. Physical and
- occupational therapy may also be of benefit to stroke and head injured
- patients. When Apraxia is a symptom of another neurological disorder, the
- underlying condition must be treated. In some cases, children with Apraxia
- may learn to compensate as they grow older with the help of special education
- and physical therapy programs.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through July
- 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Apraxia, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- References
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, M.D., et al., eds;
- W.B. Saunders Company, 1988. Pp. 2082, 2087.
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown
- and Co., 1987. Pp. 2151, 2157.
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL, Volume 1, 14th Ed.: Robert Berkow, M.D., ed.-in-chief;
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Laboratories, 1982. Pp. 1329.
-
- APRAXIA AND THE SUPPLEMENTARY MOTOR AREA. R.T. Watson et al.; ARCH
- NEUROL (August, 1986: issue 43 (8)). Pp. 787-792.
-
- ON THE CEREBRAL LOCALIZATION OF CONSTRUCTIONAL APRAXIA. K. Ruessman et
- al.; INT J NEUROSCI (September, 1988: issue 42 (1-2)). Pp. 59-62.
-
- THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIMB APRAXIA AND THE SPONTANEOUS USE OF
- COMMUNICATIVE GESTURE IN APHASIA. J.C. Borod et al.; BRAIN COGN (May, 1989:
- issue 10 (1)). Pp. 121-131.
-
-